Bill Schafer has been obsessed with energy since he graduated from the Colorado School of Mines in December of 1979. His work in the coal industry included engineering and management positions with CF&I Steel, M-K, TOTAL, ARCO, and NexGen Resources. He also headed Fuels, and Performance Engineering for IES Utilities and Energy Mktg for Vitol Gas & Electric before entering renewables as a founder of Range Fuels. Further work in renewable energy included heading PDX’s Biofuels LOB and Corporate Development for Concentric Power and BlueOak Resources. Bill formed Energy Integration Inc. in 2015 to pursue applications of heat pump technology to industrial processes. EII received the iChemE Energy Award in 2021 for its systems installed in Europe’s largest biorefinery, Pannonia Bio.